性质

产品描述

包装

Package size based on protein content.

Reconstitution

When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN₃, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA

Application

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins.^[1] It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.^[2][3][4]

Biochem/physiol Actions

Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM₁ on the cell surface. The A subunit catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gα_s), reducing GTPase activity and activating the α-subunit. This activation of Gα_s leads to an increase in the activity of adenylyl cyclase, resulting in increased levels of cAMP. Also ADP-ribosylates transducin in the eye rod outer segments, inactivating its GTPase activity. Cholera toxin has also been reported to ADP-ribosylate tubulin. Shown to be a potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant, inducing T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting the production of interleukin-12.

Features and Benefits

This compound is a featured product for Cyclic Nucleotide research. Click here to discover more featured Cyclic Nucleotide products. Learn more about bioactive small molecules for other areas of research at sigma.com/discover-bsm.

觅拓生物